Bennett Muraskin compiled in 2012 some of the origins and meanings of Ashkenazi last names. The photos and links inside the article are dead however:
https://jewishcurrents.org/the-origins-and-meanings-of-ashkenazic-last-names/
https://jewishcurrents.org/follow-going-viral-ashkenazic-name-origins/

This version of the article is visually more pleasing but incomplete:
http://jtours.co.il/the-fascinating-origin-of-almost-every-jewish-last-name/

Theo Rafael