Again, thanks for this, Jan. A few years ago, I visited the former Jewish Ghetto of Rome, which had been established in 1555. Small shops, restaurants and residences still lined the narrow streets, but no gates locked or unlocked the inhabitants.

A plaque on the wall by the Portico d'Ottavia commemorates the roundup on October 16, 1943, which was Shabbat, when most residents would be at home.

Susan J. Gordon