Wednesday, October 12, 2005, 10:36:10 AM

Dear All,

I forgot to mention in my last post that JewishGen's Shtetlschlepper
programme offers an excellent service not just for Belarus but
all countries in Europe. In addition to making in-country arrangements
Joanna Fletcher of Shtetlschleppers can arrange flights and
international land transport: jfletcher@.... Shtelschleppers
offers a highly professional service with added the benefit that your trip
also helps to support JewishGen's important work. I have always been
impressed by Joanna's attention to detail and concern for her clients
and would Shtetlschleppers them above all others.


Best regards,


Franklin J. Swartz
Executive Director
East European Jewish Heritage Project
P.O.Box 97
Minsk
220074
Republic of Belarus
eejhp@...
http://eejhp.netfirms.com

Wednesday, October 12, 2005, 10:36:10 AM

Dear All,

I forgot to mention in my last post that JewishGen's Shtetlschlepper
programme offers an excellent service not just for Belarus but
all countries in Europe. In addition to making in-country arrangements
Joanna Fletcher of Shtetlschleppers can arrange flights and
international land transport: jfletcher@.... Shtelschleppers
offers a highly professional service with added the benefit that your trip
also helps to support JewishGen's important work. I have always been
impressed by Joanna's attention to detail and concern for her clients
and would Shtetlschleppers them above all others.


Best regards,


Franklin J. Swartz
Executive Director
East European Jewish Heritage Project
P.O.Box 97
Minsk
220074
Republic of Belarus
eejhp@...
http://eejhp.netfirms.com

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote:

"Y-DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence of any
females along that line... A single test allows you to verify if 2
males are related".

A y-DNA test is, first of all, only available for males, because
females do not have Y-dna. Secondly, the implications are that this
only tests for another male who has the same father, or father's
father, or father's father's father, etc. This is why a y-dna test
is particularly good for testing men with a common surname..both the
genes and the name would have been carried down the strictly male
line.

"mtDNA: ...Note that the mtDNA strictly checks the maternal line,
with no influence of any males along that line."

Right. same as above, except now it's mother's mother's mother, etc.
And because a male has mt-DNA >from his mother, a man can be tested
for this, but only to test for a cousin along the same maternal
line. So, theoretically, if you had a male cousin (but *not* a
descendant of that cousin) whose mother's mother's mother's mother
is your mother's mother's mother's mother, then you could confirm a
relationship.

Practically speaking, this is very difficult, because most people
don't know the maiden names of their ancestors that far back, and
its hard to establish a paper trail that established this genetic
line. Still, it's possible, and I've even thought of a case or two
where it might benefit me to use this test.

Does this mean to say that:
(1) a male descendant of, say, a female cousin, will not be
detected at all using the Y chromosome test?

Strictly speaking, yes. However, you could use her brother as a
surrogate, so long as you were fairly sure the brother and sister
had the same parents.

(2) a descendant of, say, a male cousin, will not be detected at all
if using the mitochondrial DNA test?

a descendant, no, as mt-dna would only be passed by females to a
male, but not past that male to the next generation. See above.

Steven D. Bloom
email: sbloom@...

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote:

"Y-DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence of any
females along that line... A single test allows you to verify if 2
males are related".

A y-DNA test is, first of all, only available for males, because
females do not have Y-dna. Secondly, the implications are that this
only tests for another male who has the same father, or father's
father, or father's father's father, etc. This is why a y-dna test
is particularly good for testing men with a common surname..both the
genes and the name would have been carried down the strictly male
line.

"mtDNA: ...Note that the mtDNA strictly checks the maternal line,
with no influence of any males along that line."

Right. same as above, except now it's mother's mother's mother, etc.
And because a male has mt-DNA >from his mother, a man can be tested
for this, but only to test for a cousin along the same maternal
line. So, theoretically, if you had a male cousin (but *not* a
descendant of that cousin) whose mother's mother's mother's mother
is your mother's mother's mother's mother, then you could confirm a
relationship.

Practically speaking, this is very difficult, because most people
don't know the maiden names of their ancestors that far back, and
its hard to establish a paper trail that established this genetic
line. Still, it's possible, and I've even thought of a case or two
where it might benefit me to use this test.

Does this mean to say that:
(1) a male descendant of, say, a female cousin, will not be
detected at all using the Y chromosome test?

Strictly speaking, yes. However, you could use her brother as a
surrogate, so long as you were fairly sure the brother and sister
had the same parents.

(2) a descendant of, say, a male cousin, will not be detected at all
if using the mitochondrial DNA test?

a descendant, no, as mt-dna would only be passed by females to a
male, but not past that male to the next generation. See above.

Steven D. Bloom
email: sbloom@...

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote

1) The Y-DNA of two males will only match if they share a common
male ancestor in the male line. To put it another way, it will only
match if one male's father's father's father's father's...father is
the same as the other male's father's father's father's
father's...father.

2) Maternal DNA is similar on the maternal side but different in two
key ways:
a) It is much less specific. A woman may have two daughters who
each have daughters who each have duaghters, who each daughters etc,
and the daughters will all have the same mitochondrial DNA, *but*
just because two women have matching mitochondrial DNA doesn't mean
they are related.
b) Mitochondrial DNA is passed down, unchanged >from mothers to
daughters, just as Y-DNA is passed >from fathers to sons, *but*
mitochondrial DNA is also passed >from mother to son. The son does
not pass it on though. To put it another way, you will get a mtDNA
match if a man's mother's mother's mother's mother's...mother is the
same as the other man or woman's mother's mother's
mother's....mother.

A lot of people get very excited about finding a Mithochondrial DNA
match, when this is really not something special.

Robert Leiser
Glasgow

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote

1) The Y-DNA of two males will only match if they share a common
male ancestor in the male line. To put it another way, it will only
match if one male's father's father's father's father's...father is
the same as the other male's father's father's father's
father's...father.

2) Maternal DNA is similar on the maternal side but different in two
key ways:
a) It is much less specific. A woman may have two daughters who
each have daughters who each have duaghters, who each daughters etc,
and the daughters will all have the same mitochondrial DNA, *but*
just because two women have matching mitochondrial DNA doesn't mean
they are related.
b) Mitochondrial DNA is passed down, unchanged >from mothers to
daughters, just as Y-DNA is passed >from fathers to sons, *but*
mitochondrial DNA is also passed >from mother to son. The son does
not pass it on though. To put it another way, you will get a mtDNA
match if a man's mother's mother's mother's mother's...mother is the
same as the other man or woman's mother's mother's
mother's....mother.

A lot of people get very excited about finding a Mithochondrial DNA
match, when this is really not something special.

Robert Leiser
Glasgow

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> asked

Would it be possible to clarify the following?

The quotes are >from either the JG or FTDNA websites:

"Y-DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence of any
females along that line... A single test allows you to verify if 2
males are related".

"mtDNA: ...Note that the mtDNA strictly checks the maternal line,
with no influence of any males along that line."

Females do not have a Y-chromosome, so having a female in the line
of descent breaks the chain, so to speak. A Y-DNA test cannot
connect people through a female relative.

Mitochondrial DNA is nearly the opposite, except that males *do*
have mtDNA -- they get it >from their mother, and they do not pass
it on to their descendants. So if the males are at the ends of your
chain, you can see if they are related. Males anywhere else in the
chain will make the result meaningless.

You have to find cousins in the exclusively male line for the Y-DNA
test. You have to find cousins in the exclusively female line for
the mtDNA test, except that the test subjects themselves can be
male, as long as their mothers were related through females only.

Hope this is helpful!

Gary Maher
NJ, USA

You understand this correctly. You basically lose the ability to trace
trhough DNA when sexes alternate in succeeding generations (male
offspring of females and vice versa).

Len Farber
Oak Park, Illinois

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> asked

Would it be possible to clarify the following?

The quotes are >from either the JG or FTDNA websites:

"Y-DNA strictly checks the paternal line, with no influence of any
females along that line... A single test allows you to verify if 2
males are related".

"mtDNA: ...Note that the mtDNA strictly checks the maternal line,
with no influence of any males along that line."

Females do not have a Y-chromosome, so having a female in the line
of descent breaks the chain, so to speak. A Y-DNA test cannot
connect people through a female relative.

Mitochondrial DNA is nearly the opposite, except that males *do*
have mtDNA -- they get it >from their mother, and they do not pass
it on to their descendants. So if the males are at the ends of your
chain, you can see if they are related. Males anywhere else in the
chain will make the result meaningless.

You have to find cousins in the exclusively male line for the Y-DNA
test. You have to find cousins in the exclusively female line for
the mtDNA test, except that the test subjects themselves can be
male, as long as their mothers were related through females only.

Hope this is helpful!

Gary Maher
NJ, USA

You understand this correctly. You basically lose the ability to trace
trhough DNA when sexes alternate in succeeding generations (male
offspring of females and vice versa).

Len Farber
Oak Park, Illinois

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote

Does this mean to say that:

(1) a male descendant of, say, a female cousin, will not be
detected at all using the Y chromosome test?

(2) a descendant of, say, a male cousin, will not be detected at
all if using the mitochondrial DNA test?

Both these statements are correct.

The one possibly confusing element is that a male carries his
mother's mtDNA, although he can't pass it on to his own descendants.
A male's mtDNA sample would be used to determine as his mother's
female cousin, both related through all-maternal lines.

Donn Devine, CG, CGI
Coordinator, Baldwin Surname DNA Study
Wilmington DE

Study Web Site:
http://hometown.aol.com/donndevine/baldwin.html

On 2005.10.11, Moshe Davis <davis@...> wrote

Does this mean to say that:

(1) a male descendant of, say, a female cousin, will not be
detected at all using the Y chromosome test?

(2) a descendant of, say, a male cousin, will not be detected at
all if using the mitochondrial DNA test?

Both these statements are correct.

The one possibly confusing element is that a male carries his
mother's mtDNA, although he can't pass it on to his own descendants.
A male's mtDNA sample would be used to determine as his mother's
female cousin, both related through all-maternal lines.

Donn Devine, CG, CGI
Coordinator, Baldwin Surname DNA Study
Wilmington DE

Study Web Site:
http://hometown.aol.com/donndevine/baldwin.html

I'm looking for help in locating sources for newspapers >from Hannover,
Germany, circa 1932, both general circulation, and Jewish newspapers

from that city. Specifically, I'm looking for any articles pertaining to

my gf, Adolph WEINLAUB. Knowing no other place to start my search, I'm
throwing out the question to any of you out there who may be able to
help, or offer leads. Regards,

Pete Vanlaw Studio City, CA <pvan@...>

I'm looking for help in locating sources for newspapers >from Hannover,
Germany, circa 1932, both general circulation, and Jewish newspapers

from that city. Specifically, I'm looking for any articles pertaining to

my gf, Adolph WEINLAUB. Knowing no other place to start my search, I'm
throwing out the question to any of you out there who may be able to
help, or offer leads. Regards,

Pete Vanlaw Studio City, CA <pvan@...>

Dear Researchers,
I have come across a list of occupation descriptions used at the start of
the 1900's. Can someone please advise me as to what they mean.

Haute-u. Fellhandel

Kurz - u. Posamentier- warenhandlung

Manufaktur - und Modewarenhandlung

Putz- und modegeschaft

Many thanks, Geoff Kaiser Melbourne AUSTRALIA

MODERATOR NOTE: The GerSIG website, "Resources" page provides links to lists
of German occupations with English translations. Search our archives for
"occupations" for other possible sources.

Dear Researchers,
I have come across a list of occupation descriptions used at the start of
the 1900's. Can someone please advise me as to what they mean.

Haute-u. Fellhandel

Kurz - u. Posamentier- warenhandlung

Manufaktur - und Modewarenhandlung

Putz- und modegeschaft

Many thanks, Geoff Kaiser Melbourne AUSTRALIA

MODERATOR NOTE: The GerSIG website, "Resources" page provides links to lists
of German occupations with English translations. Search our archives for
"occupations" for other possible sources.

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced today
that the 2005 "Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences
in Memory of Alfred Nobel" -- more commonly known as the
Nobel Prize in Economics -- has been awarded to Robert
John Aumann, of the Center for Rationality at the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem.

Aumann was born in Frankfurt in 1930. Those who can
comprehend his work can read about it at
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/aumann.htm
For the rest of us, the photo of a smiling, bearded,
kippa-wearing Israeli of German descent will do.

Renee Stern Steinig Dix Hills, New York, USA RSteinig@...

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced today
that the 2005 "Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences
in Memory of Alfred Nobel" -- more commonly known as the
Nobel Prize in Economics -- has been awarded to Robert
John Aumann, of the Center for Rationality at the Hebrew
University in Jerusalem.

Aumann was born in Frankfurt in 1930. Those who can
comprehend his work can read about it at
http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/aumann.htm
For the rest of us, the photo of a smiling, bearded,
kippa-wearing Israeli of German descent will do.

Renee Stern Steinig Dix Hills, New York, USA RSteinig@...

http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/w-europe/germ-i.html gives the following
as prepared to take photos of the cemeteries in Koeln. I suggest that you
try contacting him.

Reinhold Kornhoff, Graf-von-Spee-Str. 19, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach

The address of the cemetery is given as Ot. Bocklemstein, Venloerstr.
Bocklemund.

These are the contact details for the Jewish community in Koeln.

Jüdische Liberale Gemeinde Köln
Gescher LaMassoret e.V.
email: jlg.koeln@...
http://www.gescherlamassoret.de

Synagogen-Gemeinde (I would imagine that this is the Orthodox synagogue)
Roostr. 50
50674 Köln
http://www.sgk.de

Nick Landau London, UK <N.Landau@...>

wjd@... wrote on 10th October:

http://www.jewishgen.org/cemetery/w-europe/germ-i.html gives the following
as prepared to take photos of the cemeteries in Koeln. I suggest that you
try contacting him.

Reinhold Kornhoff, Graf-von-Spee-Str. 19, 51429 Bergisch Gladbach

The address of the cemetery is given as Ot. Bocklemstein, Venloerstr.
Bocklemund.

These are the contact details for the Jewish community in Koeln.

Jüdische Liberale Gemeinde Köln
Gescher LaMassoret e.V.
email: jlg.koeln@...
http://www.gescherlamassoret.de

Synagogen-Gemeinde (I would imagine that this is the Orthodox synagogue)
Roostr. 50
50674 Köln
http://www.sgk.de

Nick Landau London, UK <N.Landau@...>

wjd@... wrote on 10th October: