Dear Members of the Ukraine SIG,

I would like to present the following list of 140
Shtetls in the 12 Uyezds of Podolia Guberniya as a
POSSIBLY comprehensive list of all (or most) of the
Shtetls of Podolia Guberniya that existed in 1883.

My source for the information was the following:
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Litin/taxes.html

My source for the Russian spelling of the names of the
Shtetls was the following:
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Litin/taxes1883-3.html

I would like to credit Rose Feldman for finding the
document and The Central Archives for the History of
the Jewish People in Jerusalem for preserving it.

The distance >from Kiev refers to the chief town of the
Uyezd (the Uyezds were named after the chief towns).

Using ShtetlSeeker I have identified the various
Shtetls to the best of my ability. Where there are no
geographical co-ordinates I was not able to identify
the Shtetl and I have left the name of those Shtetls
in their adjective form as they appear on the list.

I have included the number of males in each Shtetl who
paid "Box Tax and Candle Tax" for the sake of
comparison.


Kamenets Podolsk Uyezd (214.9 miles WSW of Kiev)
17 Shtetls

Kamenets (2161 males) 4840 2634
Karvasarskoe (0392 males)
Zinkovets (0363 males) 4841 2635
Balin (0191 males) 4852 2641
Grudetskoe (1108 males)
Gusyatin (0212 males) 4904 2613
Zhvanets (0690 males) 4833 2630
Zbrizh (0250 males) 4856 2611
Kupin (0485 males) 4906 2635
Lyantskorun (0558 males) 4854 2623
Makov (0207 males) 4848 2643
Orynin (0788 males) 4846 2624
Smotrich (0584 males) 4857 2633
Frampol (0357 males) 4906 2645
Chemerovets (0335 males) 4900 2622
Cherchetskoe (0147 males)
Shatav (0423 males) 4846 2643

Total (9251 males)


Proskurov Uyezd (171.3 miles WSW of Kiev)
9 Shtetls

Proskurov (1550 males) 4925 2700
Kuzmin (0290 males) 4915 2631
Satanov (1374 males) 4915 2616
Tarnorud (0267 males) 4925 2614
Felshtin (0646 males) 4919 2643
Cherno-Ostrovsk (0622 males) 4930 2645
Sharavskoe (0519 males)
Yarmolinets (0719 males) 4912 2650

Total (6802 males)


Letichev Uyezd (147.9 miles WSW of Kiev)
8 Shtetls

Letichev (0974 males) 4923 2737
Snitkov (0194 males) 4848 2738
Butsniovets (0188 males) 4918 2745
Volkovinets (0322 males) 4912 2740
Derazhan (0929 males) 4916 2726
Zinkov (1117 males) 4905 2704
Medzhibozh (1096 males) 4926 2725
Mikhalpol (0441 males) 4914 2709

Total (5261 males)

Litin Uyezd (132.8 miles SW of Kiev)
9 Shtetls

Litin (1054 males) 4920 2804
Mezhirov (0537 males) 4905 2801
Novo-Konstantinov(1129 males) 4929 2744
Staro-Sinyava (0938 males) 4936 2737
Ulanov (0631 males) 4942 2808
Khmelnik (1709 males) 4933 2758
Salnitsa (0191 males) 4944 2802
Pilyava (0216 males) 4904 2832
Yanov (0942 males) 4929 2821

Total (7347 males)

Vinnitsa Uyezd (122.7 miles SW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Vinnitsa (1946 males) 4914 2829
Brailov (0887 males) 4906 2810
Voroshilovskoe (0561 males)
Kalinovka (0096 males) 4928 2832
Mizyakov (0261 males) 4924 2822
Pikov (0800 males) 4934 2818
Stanislavchik (0136 males) 4858 2807
Strizhavskoe (0610 males)
Tyvrov (0366 males) 4901 2830
Yuzvin (0124 males) 4912 2813

Total (5787 males)


Bratslav Uyezd (130.8 miles SSW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Bratslav (1308 males) 4850 2857
Verkhovskoe (0392 males)
Voronovits (0491 males) 4906 2841
Mikhaliovskoe (0147 males)
Nemirov (1659 males) 4858 2851
Pecher (0529 males) 4850 2842
Torkov (0077 males) 4846 2841
Trostianets (0502 males) 4906 2837
Tulchin (3312 males) 4841 2852
Shpikov (0322 males) 4847 2834

Total (8739 males)


Gaysin Uyezd (123.3 miles SSW of Kiev)
11 Shtetls

Gaysin (1461 males) 4848 2924
Zyatkovets (0316 males) 4844 2928
Kiblich (0303 males) 4843 2934
Kunyanskoe (0308 males)
Ladyzhin (0471 males) 4840 2915
Raygorod (0510 males) 4853 2905
Teplik (1046 males) 4840 2944
Ternovka (0660 males) 4832 2958
Khashchevato (0638 males) 4818 2957
Sobolevskoe (0066 males)
Ivangorod (0024 males) 4848 2947

Total (5803 males)


Olgopol Uyezd (160.8 miles SSW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Olgopol (0534 males) 4812 2930
Bershad (1959 males) 4822 2931
Zhabokrich (0394 males) 4823 2859
Kamenskoe (0144 males)
Myastkovka (0490 males) 4823 2842
Obodovka (0168 males) 4824 2915
Rashkovskoe (0827 males)
Zagnitkov (0116 males) 4803 2854
Peschana (0423 males) 4807 2944
Chechelnik (1431 males) 4813 2922

Total (6786 males)


Balta Uyezd (177.3 miles SSW of Kiev)
12 Shtetls

Balta (3055 males) 4756 2937
Bogopol (1026 males) 4803 3050
Golovanevsk (1179 males) 4823 3028
Goloskovo (0004 males) 4810 3027
Krivo-Ozero (0654 males) 4756 3021
Krutyanskoe (1012 males)
Kodyma (0373 males) 4806 2907
Konetspol (0243 males) 4800 3048
Oknyanskoe (0194 males)
Rybnitskoe (0186 males)
Savran (0924 males) 4808 3005
Yagorlikskoe (0067 males)

Total (8917 males)


Yampol Uyezd (181.1 miles SW of Kiev)
18 Shtetls

Yampol (0579 males) 4815 2817
Babchinets (0078 males) 4823 2809
Borovka (0053 males) 4831 2815
Veliko-Kosnitskoe(0076 males)
Tsekinovka (0065 males) 4810 2820
Dzhurin (0458 males) 4841 2818
Dzigovskoe (0563 males) 4822 2820
Knyazhe-
Timanovskoe (0117 males) 4834 2850
Komargorod (0207 males) 4832 2837
Krasnyanka (0755 males) 4852 2820
Markovka (0167 males) 4828 2844
Novo-Murafa (0217 males) 4847 2813
Kopestyrin (0049 males) 4850 2809
Staro-Murafa (0277 males) 4847 2813
Tomashpol (1250 males) 4832 2831
Goryshkovka (0303 males) 4838 2837
Yaruga (0129 males) 4820 2803
Cherniovets (0376 males) 4832 2807

Total (5719 males)


Mogilev Podolsk Uyezd (183.4 miles SW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Mogilev (1814 males) 4827 2748
Bar (1721 males) 4843 2710
Kopaygorod (0380 males) 4852 2747
Luchinets (0373 males) 4843 2750
Ozarinets (0319 males) 4832 2748
Popovets (0211 males) 4854 2749
Snitkov (0272 males) 4848 2738
Shargorod (1156 males) 4845 2805
Yaltushkov (0339 males) 4856 2735
Yaryshev (0400 males) 4832 2738

Total (6985 males)


Novo-Ushitsa Uyezd (198.3 miles SW of Kiev)
16 Shtetls

Novo-Ushitsa (0586 males) 4850 2717
Staro-Ushitsa (0477 males) 4835 2708
Verbovets (0229 males) 4844 2726
Vonkovets (0547 males) 4902 2714
Dunayevets (1083 males) 4854 2650
Zhvanchik (0147 males) 4846 2659
Zamikhov (0366 males) 4852 2722
Kalyusk (0620 males) 4858 2716
Olkhovets (---- males) 4842 2722
Kitaygorod (0327 males) 4839 2648
Krivchik (0064 males) 4848 2651
Minkovets (0693 males) 4851 2706
Kurilovets (0182 males) 4910 2759
Sokolets (0263 males) 4845 2704
Solobkovets (0660 males) 4905 2655
Sgudevitskoe (0140 males)

Total (6384 males)


Grand Total (83781 males)


Please address any additions or corrections to the
entire Ukraine SIG. Thank you.


Nathen Gabriel
North Vancouver, BC

Dear Members of the Ukraine SIG,

I would like to present the following list of 140
Shtetls in the 12 Uyezds of Podolia Guberniya as a
POSSIBLY comprehensive list of all (or most) of the
Shtetls of Podolia Guberniya that existed in 1883.

My source for the information was the following:
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Litin/taxes.html

My source for the Russian spelling of the names of the
Shtetls was the following:
http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Litin/taxes1883-3.html

I would like to credit Rose Feldman for finding the
document and The Central Archives for the History of
the Jewish People in Jerusalem for preserving it.

The distance >from Kiev refers to the chief town of the
Uyezd (the Uyezds were named after the chief towns).

Using ShtetlSeeker I have identified the various
Shtetls to the best of my ability. Where there are no
geographical co-ordinates I was not able to identify
the Shtetl and I have left the name of those Shtetls
in their adjective form as they appear on the list.

I have included the number of males in each Shtetl who
paid "Box Tax and Candle Tax" for the sake of
comparison.


Kamenets Podolsk Uyezd (214.9 miles WSW of Kiev)
17 Shtetls

Kamenets (2161 males) 4840 2634
Karvasarskoe (0392 males)
Zinkovets (0363 males) 4841 2635
Balin (0191 males) 4852 2641
Grudetskoe (1108 males)
Gusyatin (0212 males) 4904 2613
Zhvanets (0690 males) 4833 2630
Zbrizh (0250 males) 4856 2611
Kupin (0485 males) 4906 2635
Lyantskorun (0558 males) 4854 2623
Makov (0207 males) 4848 2643
Orynin (0788 males) 4846 2624
Smotrich (0584 males) 4857 2633
Frampol (0357 males) 4906 2645
Chemerovets (0335 males) 4900 2622
Cherchetskoe (0147 males)
Shatav (0423 males) 4846 2643

Total (9251 males)


Proskurov Uyezd (171.3 miles WSW of Kiev)
9 Shtetls

Proskurov (1550 males) 4925 2700
Kuzmin (0290 males) 4915 2631
Satanov (1374 males) 4915 2616
Tarnorud (0267 males) 4925 2614
Felshtin (0646 males) 4919 2643
Cherno-Ostrovsk (0622 males) 4930 2645
Sharavskoe (0519 males)
Yarmolinets (0719 males) 4912 2650

Total (6802 males)


Letichev Uyezd (147.9 miles WSW of Kiev)
8 Shtetls

Letichev (0974 males) 4923 2737
Snitkov (0194 males) 4848 2738
Butsniovets (0188 males) 4918 2745
Volkovinets (0322 males) 4912 2740
Derazhan (0929 males) 4916 2726
Zinkov (1117 males) 4905 2704
Medzhibozh (1096 males) 4926 2725
Mikhalpol (0441 males) 4914 2709

Total (5261 males)

Litin Uyezd (132.8 miles SW of Kiev)
9 Shtetls

Litin (1054 males) 4920 2804
Mezhirov (0537 males) 4905 2801
Novo-Konstantinov(1129 males) 4929 2744
Staro-Sinyava (0938 males) 4936 2737
Ulanov (0631 males) 4942 2808
Khmelnik (1709 males) 4933 2758
Salnitsa (0191 males) 4944 2802
Pilyava (0216 males) 4904 2832
Yanov (0942 males) 4929 2821

Total (7347 males)

Vinnitsa Uyezd (122.7 miles SW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Vinnitsa (1946 males) 4914 2829
Brailov (0887 males) 4906 2810
Voroshilovskoe (0561 males)
Kalinovka (0096 males) 4928 2832
Mizyakov (0261 males) 4924 2822
Pikov (0800 males) 4934 2818
Stanislavchik (0136 males) 4858 2807
Strizhavskoe (0610 males)
Tyvrov (0366 males) 4901 2830
Yuzvin (0124 males) 4912 2813

Total (5787 males)


Bratslav Uyezd (130.8 miles SSW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Bratslav (1308 males) 4850 2857
Verkhovskoe (0392 males)
Voronovits (0491 males) 4906 2841
Mikhaliovskoe (0147 males)
Nemirov (1659 males) 4858 2851
Pecher (0529 males) 4850 2842
Torkov (0077 males) 4846 2841
Trostianets (0502 males) 4906 2837
Tulchin (3312 males) 4841 2852
Shpikov (0322 males) 4847 2834

Total (8739 males)


Gaysin Uyezd (123.3 miles SSW of Kiev)
11 Shtetls

Gaysin (1461 males) 4848 2924
Zyatkovets (0316 males) 4844 2928
Kiblich (0303 males) 4843 2934
Kunyanskoe (0308 males)
Ladyzhin (0471 males) 4840 2915
Raygorod (0510 males) 4853 2905
Teplik (1046 males) 4840 2944
Ternovka (0660 males) 4832 2958
Khashchevato (0638 males) 4818 2957
Sobolevskoe (0066 males)
Ivangorod (0024 males) 4848 2947

Total (5803 males)


Olgopol Uyezd (160.8 miles SSW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Olgopol (0534 males) 4812 2930
Bershad (1959 males) 4822 2931
Zhabokrich (0394 males) 4823 2859
Kamenskoe (0144 males)
Myastkovka (0490 males) 4823 2842
Obodovka (0168 males) 4824 2915
Rashkovskoe (0827 males)
Zagnitkov (0116 males) 4803 2854
Peschana (0423 males) 4807 2944
Chechelnik (1431 males) 4813 2922

Total (6786 males)


Balta Uyezd (177.3 miles SSW of Kiev)
12 Shtetls

Balta (3055 males) 4756 2937
Bogopol (1026 males) 4803 3050
Golovanevsk (1179 males) 4823 3028
Goloskovo (0004 males) 4810 3027
Krivo-Ozero (0654 males) 4756 3021
Krutyanskoe (1012 males)
Kodyma (0373 males) 4806 2907
Konetspol (0243 males) 4800 3048
Oknyanskoe (0194 males)
Rybnitskoe (0186 males)
Savran (0924 males) 4808 3005
Yagorlikskoe (0067 males)

Total (8917 males)


Yampol Uyezd (181.1 miles SW of Kiev)
18 Shtetls

Yampol (0579 males) 4815 2817
Babchinets (0078 males) 4823 2809
Borovka (0053 males) 4831 2815
Veliko-Kosnitskoe(0076 males)
Tsekinovka (0065 males) 4810 2820
Dzhurin (0458 males) 4841 2818
Dzigovskoe (0563 males) 4822 2820
Knyazhe-
Timanovskoe (0117 males) 4834 2850
Komargorod (0207 males) 4832 2837
Krasnyanka (0755 males) 4852 2820
Markovka (0167 males) 4828 2844
Novo-Murafa (0217 males) 4847 2813
Kopestyrin (0049 males) 4850 2809
Staro-Murafa (0277 males) 4847 2813
Tomashpol (1250 males) 4832 2831
Goryshkovka (0303 males) 4838 2837
Yaruga (0129 males) 4820 2803
Cherniovets (0376 males) 4832 2807

Total (5719 males)


Mogilev Podolsk Uyezd (183.4 miles SW of Kiev)
10 Shtetls

Mogilev (1814 males) 4827 2748
Bar (1721 males) 4843 2710
Kopaygorod (0380 males) 4852 2747
Luchinets (0373 males) 4843 2750
Ozarinets (0319 males) 4832 2748
Popovets (0211 males) 4854 2749
Snitkov (0272 males) 4848 2738
Shargorod (1156 males) 4845 2805
Yaltushkov (0339 males) 4856 2735
Yaryshev (0400 males) 4832 2738

Total (6985 males)


Novo-Ushitsa Uyezd (198.3 miles SW of Kiev)
16 Shtetls

Novo-Ushitsa (0586 males) 4850 2717
Staro-Ushitsa (0477 males) 4835 2708
Verbovets (0229 males) 4844 2726
Vonkovets (0547 males) 4902 2714
Dunayevets (1083 males) 4854 2650
Zhvanchik (0147 males) 4846 2659
Zamikhov (0366 males) 4852 2722
Kalyusk (0620 males) 4858 2716
Olkhovets (---- males) 4842 2722
Kitaygorod (0327 males) 4839 2648
Krivchik (0064 males) 4848 2651
Minkovets (0693 males) 4851 2706
Kurilovets (0182 males) 4910 2759
Sokolets (0263 males) 4845 2704
Solobkovets (0660 males) 4905 2655
Sgudevitskoe (0140 males)

Total (6384 males)


Grand Total (83781 males)


Please address any additions or corrections to the
entire Ukraine SIG. Thank you.


Nathen Gabriel
North Vancouver, BC

Dear Galitzyaners,

As continuation on the Poland's Partitions subject, please allow me to
initiate discussion on the origin of the Jewish surnames in Galicia and
lands that were under the Prussia and Austria rules, since they are closely
related.

All of us have been always interested with the issue of the origin of the
Jewish surnames since this is our only link to the written genealogical
records.

Galicia

As it is generally known, Galician Jews have been compelled to adopt German
sounding surnames in 1787 during Joseph II, Empress Maria Theresa's son
rule, following the introduction in 1781 the first genuine reforms in
Central Europe - Judenreformen und Toleranzpatent (Jew-reforms and Edicts of
Tolerance).

When in 1772 during the 1st Partition, Austria has captured new lands, which
covered all of Western and Eastern Galicia, the Empire 1787 rule of surname
adoption was extended to the all territories. This also included parts of
Wolyn and Podolia that have captured by Austria at the same time.

This rule was extended to the regions of Sandomierz, Lublin and Radom
acquired by Austria on 1795.

Prussia

Prussia introduced similar to the Austrian law in 1797 known as
Judenregelment and forced the
use of Germanic surnames on the Jewish population of captured during three
Partitions:

Pomorze (Gdansk), Chelmno, Warmia part of Wielkopolska with Bydgoszcz,
Torun and Malbork
were captured in 1772. This territory became known as West Prussia.

Following Prussian 1793 acquisitions (2nd Partition) the rest of
Wielkopolska (Gniezno, Poznan), Plock, Lodz, Czestochowa regions were also
incorporated and became known as South Prussia.

1795 (3rd Partition) Prussian new acquisitions of Mazowsze (included
Warsaw) became known as Mazovia, and NW region west of Niemen River
(Bialystok) was named New East Prussia.
The new territory located south of Czestochowa was named New Silesia.

[E.T.A ( Ernest Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, a vicious anti-Semitic Prussian
law officer was placed in charge of the enforcing Germanic sounding surnames
through the new Prussian territories.

Hoffmann developed a list of an 'acceptable' for Jews surnames, and he and
his malignant staff clerks foisted unpleasant surnames on the poor Jews, who
were unable to came up with a bribe to secure a 'pleasant' surname.
Hoffmann became later famous after the publication of opera "The Tales of
Hoffmann".]

Russia

Russia has introduce law for surnames use for Jews in 1804 during but in
reality start enforcing this policy only in 1834.

And this is my point - Jewish people that have been under Austrian or
Prussian reign prior to 1815 Vienna Congress have been already given German
sounding surnames which have been later accepted by the Russian
administration.
And this is a main reason for the Jews having German sounding surnames
through the Congress Poland.


References:

[1] Karl Emil Franzos, "Namensstudien", 1880
[2] Erwin Manuel Dreifuss, Die Familiennamen der jude, 1927
[3] Dietz Bering "The Stigma of Names. Antisemitism in German Daily Life,
1812-1933", Cambridge 1992

Alexander Sharon
Calgary, Alberta

Dear Galitzyaners,

As continuation on the Poland's Partitions subject, please allow me to
initiate discussion on the origin of the Jewish surnames in Galicia and
lands that were under the Prussia and Austria rules, since they are closely
related.

All of us have been always interested with the issue of the origin of the
Jewish surnames since this is our only link to the written genealogical
records.

Galicia

As it is generally known, Galician Jews have been compelled to adopt German
sounding surnames in 1787 during Joseph II, Empress Maria Theresa's son
rule, following the introduction in 1781 the first genuine reforms in
Central Europe - Judenreformen und Toleranzpatent (Jew-reforms and Edicts of
Tolerance).

When in 1772 during the 1st Partition, Austria has captured new lands, which
covered all of Western and Eastern Galicia, the Empire 1787 rule of surname
adoption was extended to the all territories. This also included parts of
Wolyn and Podolia that have captured by Austria at the same time.

This rule was extended to the regions of Sandomierz, Lublin and Radom
acquired by Austria on 1795.

Prussia

Prussia introduced similar to the Austrian law in 1797 known as
Judenregelment and forced the
use of Germanic surnames on the Jewish population of captured during three
Partitions:

Pomorze (Gdansk), Chelmno, Warmia part of Wielkopolska with Bydgoszcz,
Torun and Malbork
were captured in 1772. This territory became known as West Prussia.

Following Prussian 1793 acquisitions (2nd Partition) the rest of
Wielkopolska (Gniezno, Poznan), Plock, Lodz, Czestochowa regions were also
incorporated and became known as South Prussia.

1795 (3rd Partition) Prussian new acquisitions of Mazowsze (included
Warsaw) became known as Mazovia, and NW region west of Niemen River
(Bialystok) was named New East Prussia.
The new territory located south of Czestochowa was named New Silesia.

[E.T.A ( Ernest Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, a vicious anti-Semitic Prussian
law officer was placed in charge of the enforcing Germanic sounding surnames
through the new Prussian territories.

Hoffmann developed a list of an 'acceptable' for Jews surnames, and he and
his malignant staff clerks foisted unpleasant surnames on the poor Jews, who
were unable to came up with a bribe to secure a 'pleasant' surname.
Hoffmann became later famous after the publication of opera "The Tales of
Hoffmann".]

Russia

Russia has introduce law for surnames use for Jews in 1804 during but in
reality start enforcing this policy only in 1834.

And this is my point - Jewish people that have been under Austrian or
Prussian reign prior to 1815 Vienna Congress have been already given German
sounding surnames which have been later accepted by the Russian
administration.
And this is a main reason for the Jews having German sounding surnames
through the Congress Poland.


References:

[1] Karl Emil Franzos, "Namensstudien", 1880
[2] Erwin Manuel Dreifuss, Die Familiennamen der jude, 1927
[3] Dietz Bering "The Stigma of Names. Antisemitism in German Daily Life,
1812-1933", Cambridge 1992

Alexander Sharon
Calgary, Alberta

Lancy Spalter wrote:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Thank you, Alexander, for this interesting account. With your permission,
though, I would like to point out that, to the best of my understanding,
although Radom, Lublin and Sandomierz were annexed to Austria during the
third partition, in the Vienna Congress they were integrated into the
Congress Poland Autonomy ruled by the Czar. They were part of Austria for
only 20 years, >from 1795 to 1815.

Thank you , Lancy for the comment.

This exactly what I had in mind when I wrote previously that Austria has
lost to Russia nearly all lands acquired in 1795:

It should be noted again, that there were territorial readjustment made
during 1815 Vienna Congress when Austria has lost to the victorious Russia
Zamosc region, parts of Wolyn and Podolia and nearly all lands acquired in
1795 with exception of the City of Krakow.

Nevetheless, those 20 years when Austria ruled over the parts of Podolia,
Wolynia, Lublin, Radom, Lublin and Prussia ruled over Warsaw, Bialystok,
Lomza and Suwalki had a significant influence on the Jewish people.

I will continue on the Poland Partitions subject in the next thread:
Germanic names


Alexander Sharo
Clagary, Alberta

Lancy Spalter wrote:

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Thank you, Alexander, for this interesting account. With your permission,
though, I would like to point out that, to the best of my understanding,
although Radom, Lublin and Sandomierz were annexed to Austria during the
third partition, in the Vienna Congress they were integrated into the
Congress Poland Autonomy ruled by the Czar. They were part of Austria for
only 20 years, >from 1795 to 1815.

Thank you , Lancy for the comment.

This exactly what I had in mind when I wrote previously that Austria has
lost to Russia nearly all lands acquired in 1795:

It should be noted again, that there were territorial readjustment made
during 1815 Vienna Congress when Austria has lost to the victorious Russia
Zamosc region, parts of Wolyn and Podolia and nearly all lands acquired in
1795 with exception of the City of Krakow.

Nevetheless, those 20 years when Austria ruled over the parts of Podolia,
Wolynia, Lublin, Radom, Lublin and Prussia ruled over Warsaw, Bialystok,
Lomza and Suwalki had a significant influence on the Jewish people.

I will continue on the Poland Partitions subject in the next thread:
Germanic names


Alexander Sharo
Clagary, Alberta

Regarding the question Mark Halpern posed recently:

<<Lwow researcher Feige Stern has posted three Lwow birth records to
ViewMate. They are:

http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6138
http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6139
http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6140

I have personally never seen this exact form. The headings of the form are
the normal Polish and German ones, but there is an third Cyrillic language.
Can anyone tell me what language this is and why a third language is
included here. My understanding is that the Austrian Government required
only Polish and German and that the record itself had to be recorded in one
of these two languages.

Thanks for any thought you may have about this.>>

Here are some answers I've gathered >from two native speakers of Ukrainian
and Russian:

This Cyrillic writing represents some sort of official language: an
"absolutely awful mixture of mainly
Ukrainian with a little Russian additions." It was used in the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire primarily for documents, but is absolutely NOT a
"living" language. This "language" was even used in Czechoslovakia (court,
notary's office etc) until the World War II.

An example of what is found in this text: in the heading of column 7, the
fourth word (split between 2 lines) is "Matepbl," which in the Latin script
is "Mater" and the last two letters are not really letters at all, but
rather a "hard sound" sign. This sign doesn't exist in Ukrainian, but does
in Russian. Both languages use the opposite "soft sound" sign, b, like our
lowercase b (called a mee-yak-ees-nok).

Although Galician metrical records were usually written in Latin, Polish and
German, in the middle of the 19th century, as nationalism began to take
shape, one could see more Polish and Ukrainian in these records. It's
interesting to think of an empire that encompassed so many different
countries and nationalities trying to balance the different languages used
by the populace against their own political interests...which eventually
resulted in this hodgepodge compendium of Ukrainian and Russian officialese,
showing up in these Lvov records posted to Viewmate.

Pamela Weisberger
Santa Monica, CA
pweisberger@...

Regarding the question Mark Halpern posed recently:

<<Lwow researcher Feige Stern has posted three Lwow birth records to
ViewMate. They are:

http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6138
http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6139
http://data.jewishgen.org/ViewMate/ALL/viewmateview.asp?key=6140

I have personally never seen this exact form. The headings of the form are
the normal Polish and German ones, but there is an third Cyrillic language.
Can anyone tell me what language this is and why a third language is
included here. My understanding is that the Austrian Government required
only Polish and German and that the record itself had to be recorded in one
of these two languages.

Thanks for any thought you may have about this.>>

Here are some answers I've gathered >from two native speakers of Ukrainian
and Russian:

This Cyrillic writing represents some sort of official language: an
"absolutely awful mixture of mainly
Ukrainian with a little Russian additions." It was used in the
Austrian-Hungarian Empire primarily for documents, but is absolutely NOT a
"living" language. This "language" was even used in Czechoslovakia (court,
notary's office etc) until the World War II.

An example of what is found in this text: in the heading of column 7, the
fourth word (split between 2 lines) is "Matepbl," which in the Latin script
is "Mater" and the last two letters are not really letters at all, but
rather a "hard sound" sign. This sign doesn't exist in Ukrainian, but does
in Russian. Both languages use the opposite "soft sound" sign, b, like our
lowercase b (called a mee-yak-ees-nok).

Although Galician metrical records were usually written in Latin, Polish and
German, in the middle of the 19th century, as nationalism began to take
shape, one could see more Polish and Ukrainian in these records. It's
interesting to think of an empire that encompassed so many different
countries and nationalities trying to balance the different languages used
by the populace against their own political interests...which eventually
resulted in this hodgepodge compendium of Ukrainian and Russian officialese,
showing up in these Lvov records posted to Viewmate.

Pamela Weisberger
Santa Monica, CA
pweisberger@...

Le 02:55 27/05/2005,Pierre Hahn écrit:

So are the above mentioned Joseph Cerf BRISAC and Joseph Cerf ENSHEIM also
the same person ?

Dear Pierre,
In spite of your experience, you don't know all the tricks of Pierre-André
Meyer's Tables !!
Please have a look at the end of these tables. In my edition, it is page
452. You will read that BRISAC is also listed under different names such as
ALSACE, BLOK RIXHEIM, BRISAC-CHARRY, and ENSHEIM. Actually, two pages
earlier, when P.A.M. explains what he means, he gives BRISAC as an example.

I must confess that a week ago, I had to send a message to P.A.M. because I
could not find a Jacob BRISAC who was listed as BRISAC-CHARRY.

So, be confident, your two Joseph Cerf are the same guy.

Amitiés,

Georges GRANER
georges.graner@...
Paris, France

Le 02:55 27/05/2005,Pierre Hahn écrit:

So are the above mentioned Joseph Cerf BRISAC and Joseph Cerf ENSHEIM also
the same person ?

Dear Pierre,
In spite of your experience, you don't know all the tricks of Pierre-André
Meyer's Tables !!
Please have a look at the end of these tables. In my edition, it is page
452. You will read that BRISAC is also listed under different names such as
ALSACE, BLOK RIXHEIM, BRISAC-CHARRY, and ENSHEIM. Actually, two pages
earlier, when P.A.M. explains what he means, he gives BRISAC as an example.

I must confess that a week ago, I had to send a message to P.A.M. because I
could not find a Jacob BRISAC who was listed as BRISAC-CHARRY.

So, be confident, your two Joseph Cerf are the same guy.

Amitiés,

Georges GRANER
georges.graner@...
Paris, France

TEDESCO in Paris

I am looking for information about Giacomo TEDESCO and his wife Therese
Yiras nee CERF who lived in Paris in the early 1800s. I believe Giacomo was
one of the founders of the Rue Cadet Shul in Paris and also of another two
Shuls.

I hope to hear >from anyone who can help me.

With best wishes,

Susan EDEL, Petach Tikva, Israel

TEDESCO in Paris

I am looking for information about Giacomo TEDESCO and his wife Therese
Yiras nee CERF who lived in Paris in the early 1800s. I believe Giacomo was
one of the founders of the Rue Cadet Shul in Paris and also of another two
Shuls.

I hope to hear >from anyone who can help me.

With best wishes,

Susan EDEL, Petach Tikva, Israel

Alter Solomon posted to LitvakSig Mailing List as follows:

"Looking through the All-Lithuania
Database for my family town (Zagare) I saw the given name Fayvush.
Can this be a kinnui for Yechezkiel?"

The books "Jewish Personal Names" edited by Chaim Freedman (written by Rabbi
Shmuel Gorr) and "A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames >from the Russian Empire"
by Alexander Beider do not include this combination. However Boris
Feldblyum's book "Russian Jewish Given Names" does specifically mention
this association.

In traditional circles in the shtetl were kinnuim fairly loosely associated
in the way that secular names and their Hebrew equivalents are used nowadays,
or were there more rigid naming conventions and if so how do we determine
what applied at that time?"


Names in the Fayvush family of Yiddish names were kinuim for the Hebrew
name Yechezkeyl in only the following countries: Austria, Germany, and
Holland. To my knowledge, Fayvush was not a kinui for Yechezkeyl in
Lithuania.

One of the reasons for these variations >from region to region in Europe for
where kinuim were used with specific Hebrew names, was that the Yiddish
dialects were different across Europe. Thus in Western Europe, the Yiddish
dialect was the Western European dialect (including Germany and Holland),
in a transitional region (which included Bohemia, Moravia, parts of
Hungary, and other regions) transitional dialects between Western and the
Eastern European dialects were used, the Litivsh dialect was spoken in
Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, NE Ukraine and NE Poland, while in most of
Poland and Galicia the Polish/Galician dialect was spoken, and in most of
Ukraine, parts of Eastern Galicia, Romania, and SE Poland the Ukrainian
dialect was spoken.

This topic of Hebrew name/Kinui relationship was the subject of intense
research by rabbis throughout Europe for a number of centuries, as the
Yiddish dialects slowly changed and moved around. Their research results
were compiled in Jewish law books for Divorce procedures, such as the
"Aruch Hashulchan" which applied to the regions where the Litvish dialect
was spoken, and the "Get Mesudar" which was mainly applicable to the
regions of Germany, with additions for Hungary, and Poland.

For their region and time period, the rabbis' research consisted of
gathering name data >from Divorce Rabbis (those who wrote the Get for a
couple who were divorcing) and analyzing these data statistically for names
which must be written in the Gitin. The results of their data analysis
showed clearly what were the Hebrew-name/Kinui relationships which were
chosen by Jews on a statistical basis. The rabbis summarized these results
in their books of Hilchot Gitin (Laws of Divorce) and these books were
guidebooks for the Divorce Rabbis.

One must not be rigid in using these regionalized Hilchot Gitin books, for
Jews moved around >from region to region for a wide variety of reasons,
including finding a marriage partner, and also forced migrations as a
result of persecution. So, it is possible to find exceptions to the rules
listed in one region's book. Still, this exception only allows
genealogists to adopt a trial hypothesis which much be proven by further
research.

One can obtain more information by reading the discussions included in the
JewishGen Given Names Data Bases web site at this address:

< http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/GivenNames > .

A new update is due in the next few months.

Professor G. L. Esterson, Ra'anana, Israel

Alter Solomon posted to LitvakSig Mailing List as follows:

"Looking through the All-Lithuania
Database for my family town (Zagare) I saw the given name Fayvush.
Can this be a kinnui for Yechezkiel?"

The books "Jewish Personal Names" edited by Chaim Freedman (written by Rabbi
Shmuel Gorr) and "A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames >from the Russian Empire"
by Alexander Beider do not include this combination. However Boris
Feldblyum's book "Russian Jewish Given Names" does specifically mention
this association.

In traditional circles in the shtetl were kinnuim fairly loosely associated
in the way that secular names and their Hebrew equivalents are used nowadays,
or were there more rigid naming conventions and if so how do we determine
what applied at that time?"


Names in the Fayvush family of Yiddish names were kinuim for the Hebrew
name Yechezkeyl in only the following countries: Austria, Germany, and
Holland. To my knowledge, Fayvush was not a kinui for Yechezkeyl in
Lithuania.

One of the reasons for these variations >from region to region in Europe for
where kinuim were used with specific Hebrew names, was that the Yiddish
dialects were different across Europe. Thus in Western Europe, the Yiddish
dialect was the Western European dialect (including Germany and Holland),
in a transitional region (which included Bohemia, Moravia, parts of
Hungary, and other regions) transitional dialects between Western and the
Eastern European dialects were used, the Litivsh dialect was spoken in
Lithuania, Belarus, Latvia, NE Ukraine and NE Poland, while in most of
Poland and Galicia the Polish/Galician dialect was spoken, and in most of
Ukraine, parts of Eastern Galicia, Romania, and SE Poland the Ukrainian
dialect was spoken.

This topic of Hebrew name/Kinui relationship was the subject of intense
research by rabbis throughout Europe for a number of centuries, as the
Yiddish dialects slowly changed and moved around. Their research results
were compiled in Jewish law books for Divorce procedures, such as the
"Aruch Hashulchan" which applied to the regions where the Litvish dialect
was spoken, and the "Get Mesudar" which was mainly applicable to the
regions of Germany, with additions for Hungary, and Poland.

For their region and time period, the rabbis' research consisted of
gathering name data >from Divorce Rabbis (those who wrote the Get for a
couple who were divorcing) and analyzing these data statistically for names
which must be written in the Gitin. The results of their data analysis
showed clearly what were the Hebrew-name/Kinui relationships which were
chosen by Jews on a statistical basis. The rabbis summarized these results
in their books of Hilchot Gitin (Laws of Divorce) and these books were
guidebooks for the Divorce Rabbis.

One must not be rigid in using these regionalized Hilchot Gitin books, for
Jews moved around >from region to region for a wide variety of reasons,
including finding a marriage partner, and also forced migrations as a
result of persecution. So, it is possible to find exceptions to the rules
listed in one region's book. Still, this exception only allows
genealogists to adopt a trial hypothesis which much be proven by further
research.

One can obtain more information by reading the discussions included in the
JewishGen Given Names Data Bases web site at this address:

< http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/GivenNames > .

A new update is due in the next few months.

Professor G. L. Esterson, Ra'anana, Israel

I have learned >from a presentation by Yale Reisner that an 800-page Yiskor
book for Ostroleka was translated >from Yiddish into Polish. A copy of the
book, according to Stan Diamond, is at the Jewish Public Library in
Montreal. It is likely available in various places in both Yiddish and
Polish. I can read neither Yiddish nor Polish.

A few short selections >from the Ostroleka Yiskor book are on the JewishGen
website.

I would greatly appreciate if someone could check for lists of surnames to
see if any entries exist for the following names:
MLYNARZ, BRZEZINSKI, and SPIVACK.

Please respond privately.

Jeff Miller
Maryland
SingingTM@...

I have learned >from a presentation by Yale Reisner that an 800-page Yiskor
book for Ostroleka was translated >from Yiddish into Polish. A copy of the
book, according to Stan Diamond, is at the Jewish Public Library in
Montreal. It is likely available in various places in both Yiddish and
Polish. I can read neither Yiddish nor Polish.

A few short selections >from the Ostroleka Yiskor book are on the JewishGen
website.

I would greatly appreciate if someone could check for lists of surnames to
see if any entries exist for the following names:
MLYNARZ, BRZEZINSKI, and SPIVACK.

Please respond privately.

Jeff Miller
Maryland
SingingTM@...

Yad LeZehava in Kedumim Israel is working in tandem with other
Holocaustinstitutes and organizations to restore and reclaim Jewish
communal property in Poland and E. Europe, such as Jewish cemeteries.

Student volunteers >from Israel are being assisted by Polish non-Jews and
local government officials in this important work and it can bring
surprising results in discoveries and self-discovery. Finding the grave
of an ancestor by physically searching cemeteries is a very painstaking
task requiring much money, time and effort as anyone trying to index
cemetery names on tombstones knows. It is a daunting task for anyone
without cooperative help, thus I was pleased to read of a wonderful
success story involving JRI-Poland and the use of their online database
which contains information about the Warsaw cemetery

See the English magazine Mishpacha Jewish Family Weekly (Jerusalem) for
May 25, 2005 (Issue 58), pages 38-41 (incl. photos). "Discovering the
Kever of the Alexander Rebbe's Ancestor" by Avi Gordon.
(info@... )

I have heard of this Hasidic dynasty in my research on Polish ancestors,
but didn't know of any gravesites still left mostly intact. The article
shouldbe widely read as it shows the great usefulness of genealogical
research work and the wonderful help of JRI-Poland as a facilitator
for Web access to otherwise inaccessible information.

Please note that there is no website yet for Mishpacha magazine and
I cannotpromise to provide a copy of the article without permission

from the publisher to upload this important article. Then, too, there

may be a fee involved so I don't know if I will be able to do it at all.
The magazine is for sale altho I have nothing to do with it's promotion
or business. Those interested, may write to:

Mishpacha Jewish Family Weekly
7 Beit HaDfus Street
Jerusalem, Israel 95483

or in the USA at:
5314 16th Avenue
POB 259
Brooklyn, NY 11204

Avigdor Ben-Dov
Special Projects Director
Yad LeZehava Holocaust Research Institute
Kedumim

RUDKIEWICZ, SOLARZ, NURZYC, SUSMAN

Yad LeZehava in Kedumim Israel is working in tandem with other
Holocaustinstitutes and organizations to restore and reclaim Jewish
communal property in Poland and E. Europe, such as Jewish cemeteries.

Student volunteers >from Israel are being assisted by Polish non-Jews and
local government officials in this important work and it can bring
surprising results in discoveries and self-discovery. Finding the grave
of an ancestor by physically searching cemeteries is a very painstaking
task requiring much money, time and effort as anyone trying to index
cemetery names on tombstones knows. It is a daunting task for anyone
without cooperative help, thus I was pleased to read of a wonderful
success story involving JRI-Poland and the use of their online database
which contains information about the Warsaw cemetery

See the English magazine Mishpacha Jewish Family Weekly (Jerusalem) for
May 25, 2005 (Issue 58), pages 38-41 (incl. photos). "Discovering the
Kever of the Alexander Rebbe's Ancestor" by Avi Gordon.
(info@... )

I have heard of this Hasidic dynasty in my research on Polish ancestors,
but didn't know of any gravesites still left mostly intact. The article
shouldbe widely read as it shows the great usefulness of genealogical
research work and the wonderful help of JRI-Poland as a facilitator
for Web access to otherwise inaccessible information.

Please note that there is no website yet for Mishpacha magazine and
I cannotpromise to provide a copy of the article without permission

from the publisher to upload this important article. Then, too, there

may be a fee involved so I don't know if I will be able to do it at all.
The magazine is for sale altho I have nothing to do with it's promotion
or business. Those interested, may write to:

Mishpacha Jewish Family Weekly
7 Beit HaDfus Street
Jerusalem, Israel 95483

or in the USA at:
5314 16th Avenue
POB 259
Brooklyn, NY 11204

Avigdor Ben-Dov
Special Projects Director
Yad LeZehava Holocaust Research Institute
Kedumim

RUDKIEWICZ, SOLARZ, NURZYC, SUSMAN

There are MASH and LION families in Baltimore who are Jewish.

Marcia Hoffman
Baltimore, MD

In a message dated 5/27/2005 3:03:50 AM Eastern Standard Time,
jewishgen@... writes:

Shalom!
As a French person, I'm not really familiar with the Jewish names in America since
many immigrants changed their names. I would like to know if the names MASH, LION
and KENNEDY can be Jewish (for example, do you know any Jewish family with this
name)? Thank you very much!

Claire Sztern, Paris, France
Claire.sztern@...

There are MASH and LION families in Baltimore who are Jewish.

Marcia Hoffman
Baltimore, MD

In a message dated 5/27/2005 3:03:50 AM Eastern Standard Time,
jewishgen@... writes:

Shalom!
As a French person, I'm not really familiar with the Jewish names in America since
many immigrants changed their names. I would like to know if the names MASH, LION
and KENNEDY can be Jewish (for example, do you know any Jewish family with this
name)? Thank you very much!

Claire Sztern, Paris, France
Claire.sztern@...