In response to a recent question,
I am enclosing below a two posts that I sent to the SIG last
September 2000. If anyone wants copies of maps which I have of the
migrations, please let me know privately and I will be happy to oblige and
send them via e-mail since the Ukraine SIG Digest cannot include
attachments.

#1
Many jewish families
(Sephardic)emigrated >from Spain (and later Portugal) to northern and eastern
Europe especially Russia including Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine
during and after the Inquisition.

Between 1000 and 1500 there were many expulsions and dispersed Jews took
several routes mostly to Poland, Italy and the Ottoman Empire culmination in
the 1490's with large emigrations.

from 1215 to 1879 Jews >from Spain and countries north along the route

continued to flood into northern and eastern Europe and many eventually
between 1835 and 1917 into the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire.

By 1492 over 160,000 Jews had fled Spain on their way north and east leaving
50,000 baptized (New Christians or Marranos) or Conversos, who secretly
practiced Judaism, remaining in Spain.

Many of these (over 100,000) who fled to Russia were killed in the
Chmielnicki Massacres in 1648-1656.

In 1900 there were 193,000 Sephardic Jews (far less than the Ashkenazim) in
eastern Europe.

My family >from Lithuania supposedly originated many years prior as wine
makers >from Toledo, Spain.

#2
In response to your inquiries to me for sources of my recent post regarding
Sephardim to Lithuania and the Russian Empire, I suggest the following
material:

The Jews of Spain, A history of the Sephardic Experience, by Jane S. Gerber

Images et Traditions by Gerard Silvain (in French)

Atlas of the Jewish World by Nicholas de Lange

Migrations and Cultures, A World View, by Thomas Sowell (chapter 6)

Any other good history of European Jews >from medieval times or, at least
prior to the inquisitions, to at least the 1500's.

By the way, Solomon Ashkenazi (1520-1603) was Italian.

Jeff Entin
Fall River, Massachusetts

Researching:
ENTIN, Minsk, Belarus; BERLYAVSKY, Pereyaslav and Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine;
PERCIKOVICH (HORVITZ), Butrimonys, Lithuania; BUBELSKY, Prienai, Lithuania;
LEVIN, Vilnius, Lithuania; SCHILANSKY, Mariampole and Siauliai, Lithuania;
LIPSCHITZ, Kaunas and Vilnius, Lithuania; UCHEVITZ, Vilnius, Lithuania,
KABATCHNICK , Lithuania; FALK, Lithuania